АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ПУБЛИКАЦИЙ ПО ПРОБЛЕМЕ СУИЦИДАЛЬНОГО И АУТОДЕСТРУКТИВНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ
Ключевые слова:
аутоагрессия, аутодеструктивное поведение, суицидальное поведение, обзор исследований, дети, подросткиАннотация
В статье представлен обзор зарубежных исследований, рассматривающих суицид и аутодеструктивное поведение детей и подростков. Поиск публикаций проводился на ресурсе PubMed по запросам «self-harm behavior» и «self-destructive behavior». Для содержательного анализа были отобраны 50 публикаций на английском языке, соответствующие критериям: возраста респондентов «12–18 лет»; полный открытый доступ; наличие эмпирического или экспериментального исследования; посвященные исследованию суицида и аутодеструктивного поведения у лиц, не имеющих клинических проявлений (биполярное расстройство, шизофрения, клиническая депрессия); не описывают эффективность медицинских технологий и препаратов.
Содержательный анализ позволил сфокусировать исследования по восьми основным тематическим фокусам, касающихся выявления распространенности и факторов возникновения суицидального поведения и суицидального самоповреждения детей
и подростков, в том числе семейных, травматических, личностных; эффективности программ профилактики, коррекции, терапии, постсуицидальных вмешательств, отслеживания рисков и сопровождения.
В качестве перспективы дальнейших исследований отмечены: низкая изученность вопросов динамики и траектории развития суицидальных представлений и намерений от детского к взрослому возрасту, а также вопросы изучения аутоагрессивного суицидального поведения у подростков групп риска и подростков с ограниченными возможностями здоровья.
Значимым аспектом выступает то, что фокус внимания исследователей смещен в область терапии суицидального и аутодеструктивного поведения в учреждениях здравоохранения. Между тем, крайне актуальной становится потребность разработки профилактических программ для образовательных учреждений.
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